Cute trick! I pointlessly wondered if I could make it work with Ruby and you kinda can, if you can tolerate a single error message before the script runs (sadly # comments don't work as shells consider them comments too):
=begin
ruby $0; exit
=end
puts "Hello from Ruby"
Not immediately useful, but no doubt this trick will pop up at some random moment in the future and actually be useful.
The author’s point about “not caring about pip vs poetry vs uv” is missing that uv directly supports this use case, including PyPI dependencies, and all you need is uv and your preferred Python version installed: https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/scripts/#using-a-shebang-to...
Yeah, but you need Nix. If we are reaching out for tools that might not be around, then you can also depend on `curl | sudo bash` to install Nix when not present.
I thought that too, but I think the tricky bit is if you're a non-python user, this isn't yet obvious.
If you've never used Clojure and start a Clojure project, you will almost definitely find advice telling you to use Leiningen.
For Python, if you search online you might find someone saying to use uv, but also potentially venv, poetry or hatch. I definitely think uv is taking over, but its not yet ubiquitous.
Ironically, I actually had a similar thing installing Go the other day. I'd never used Go before, and installed it using apt only to find that version was too old and I'd done it wrong.
Although in that case, it was a much quicker resolution than I think anyone fighting with virtual environments would have.
That's my experience. I'm not a Python developer, and installing Python programs has been a mess for decades, so I'd rather stay away from the language than try another new tool.
Over the years, I've used setup.py, pip, pipenv (which kept crashing though it was an official recommendation), manual venv+pip (or virtualenv? I vaguely remember there were 2 similar tools and none was part of a minimal Python install). Does uv work in all of these cases? The uv doc pointed out by the GP is vague about legacy projects, though I've just skimmed through the long page.
IIRC, Python tools didn't share their data across projects, so they could build the same heavy dependencies multiple times. I've also seen projects with incomplete dependencies (installed through Conda, IIRC) which were a major pain to get working. For many years, the only simple and sane way to run some Python code was in a Docker image, which has its own drawbacks.
> IIRC, Python tools didn't share their data across projects, so they could build the same heavy dependencies multiple times.
One of the neatest features of uv is that it uses clever symlinking tricks so if you have a dozen different Python environments all with the same dependency there's only one copy of that dependency on disk.
There are really so many things about this point that I don't get.
First off, in my mind the kinds of things that are "scripts" don't have dependencies outside the standard library, or if they do are highly specific to my own needs on my own system. (It's also notable that one of the advantages the author cites for Go in this niche is a standard library that avoids the need for dependencies in quick scripts! Is this not one of Python's major selling points since day 1?)
Second, even if you have dependencies you don't have to learn differences between these tools. You can pick one and use it.
Third, virtual environments are literally just a place on disk for those dependencies to be installed, that contains a config file and some stubs that are automatically set up by a one-liner provided by the standard library. You don't need to go into them and inspect anything if you don't want to. You don't need to use the activation script; you can just specify the venv's executable instead if you prefer. None of it is conceptually difficult.
Fourth, sharing an environment for these quick scripts actually just works fine an awful lot of the time. I got away with it for years before proper organization became second nature, and I would usually still be fine with it (except that having an isolated environment for the current project is the easiest way to be sure that I've correctly listed its dependencies). In my experience it's just not a thing for your quick throwaway scripts to be dependent on incompatible Numpy versions or whatever.
... And really, to avoid ever having to think about the dependencies you provide dynamically, you're going to switch to a compiled language? If it were such a good idea, nobody would have thought of making languages like Python in the first place.
And uh...
> As long as the receiving end has the latest version of go, the script will run on any OS for tens of years in the future. Anyone who's ever tried to get python working on different systems knows what a steep annoying curve it is.
The pseudo-shebang trick here isn't going to work on Windows any more than a conventional one is. And no, when I switched from Windows to Linux, getting my Python stuff to work was not a "steep annoying curve" at all. It came more or less automatically with acclimating to Linux in general.
(I guess referring to ".pyproject" instead of the actually-meaningful `pyproject.toml` is just part of the trolling.)
I've moved over mostly to uv too, using `uv pip` when needed but mostly sticking with `uv add`. But as soon as you start using `uv pip` you end up with all the drawbacks of `uv pip`, namely that whatever you pass after can affect earlier dependency resolutions too. Running `uv pip install dep-a` and then `... dep-b` isn't the same as `... dep-b` first and then `... dep-a`, or the same as `uv pip install dep-a dep-b` which coming from an environment that does proper dependency resolution and have workspaces, can be really confusing.
This is more of a pip issue than uv though, and `uv pip` is still preferable in my mind, but seems Python package management will forever be a mess, not even the bandaid uv can fix things like these.
Ive been away from python for awhile now, I was under the impression uv was somehow solving this dependency hell. Whats the benefit of using uv/pip together? Speed?
....but you have to be able to get UV and on some platforms (e.g. a raspberry pi) it won't build because the version of rust is too old. So I wrote a script called "pv" in python which works a bit like uv - just enough to get my program to work. It made me laugh a bit, but it works anywhere, well enough for my usecase. All I had to do was embed a primitive AI generated TOML parser in it.
However... scripting requires (in my experience), a different ergonomic to shippable software. I can't quite put my finger on it, but bash feels very scriptable, go feels very shippable, python is somewhere in the middle, ruby is closer to bash, rust is up near go on the shippable end.
Good scripting is a mixture of OS-level constructs available to me in the syntax I'm in (bash obviously is just using OS commands with syntactic sugar to create conditional, loops and variables), and the kinds of problems where I don't feel I need a whole lot of tooling: LSPs, test coverage, whatever. It's languages that encourage quick, dirty, throwaway code that allows me to get that one-off job done the guy in sales needs on a Thursday so we can close the month out.
Go doesn't feel like that. If I'm building something in Go I want to bring tests along for the ride, I want to build a proper build pipeline somewhere, I want a release process.
I don't think I've thought about language ergonomics in this sense quite like this before, I'm curious what others think.
Talking about Python "somewhere in the middle" - I had a demo of a simple webview gtk app I wanted to run on vanilla Debian setup last night.. so I did the canonical-thing-of-the-month and used uv to instantiate a venv and pull the dependencies. Then attempted to run the code.. mayhem. Errors indicating that the right things were in place but that the code still couldn't run (?) and finally Python Core Dumped.. OK. This is (in some shape or form) what happens every single time I give Python a fresh go for an idea. Eventually Golang is more verbose (and I don't particularly like the mod.go system either) but once things compile.. they run. They don't attempt running or require xyz OS specific hack.
Gtk makes that simple python program way more complex since it'll need more than pure-python dependencies.
It's really a huge pain point in python. Pure python dependencies are amazingly easy to use, but there's a lot of packages that depend on either c extensions that need to be built or have OS dependencies. It's gotten better with wheels and manylinux builds, but you can still shoot your foot off pretty easily.
I'm pretty sure the gtk dependencies weren't built by Astral, which, yes, unfortunately means that it won't always just work, as they streamline their Python builds in... unusual ways. A few months ago I had a similar issue running a Tkinter project with uv, then all was well when I used conda instead.
I've had similar issues with anaconda, once upon a time. I've hit a critical roadblock that ruined my day with every single Python dependency/environment tool except basic venv + requirements.txt, I think. That gets in the way the least but it's also not very helpful, you're stuck with requirements.txt which tends to be error-prone to manage.
Maybe the ergonomics of writing code is less of a problem if you have a quick way of asking an LLM to do the edits? We can optimize for readability instead.
More specifically, for the readability of code written by an LLM.
Have to disagree, "technically" yes, both are interpreted languages, but the ergonomics and mental overhead of doing certain things are wildly different:
In python, doing math or complex string or collection operations is usually a simple oneliner, but calling shell commands or other OS processes requires fiddling with the subprocess module, writing ad-hoc streaming loops, etc - don't even start with piping several commands together.
Bash is the opposite: As long as your task can be structured as a series of shell commands, it absolutely shines - but as soon as you require custom data manipulation in any form, you'll run into awkward edge cases and arbitrary restrictions - even for things that are absolutely basic in other languages.
The subprocess module is horrendous but even if it was great bash is simpler. I just think about trying to create a pipe of processes in python without the danger of blocking.
I made one of these too! I decided not to use // because I use gofmt auto formatting in my editor and it puts a space between the // and the usr. This one isn't changed by gofmt:
I don’t really understand the initial impetus. I like scripting in Python. That’s one of the things it’s good at. You can extremely quickly write up a simple script to perform some task, not worrying about types, memory, yada yada yada. I don’t like using Python as the main language for a large application.
It seems to be Linux specific (does it even work on other unix like OSes?) and Linux usually has a system Python which is reasonably stable for things you need scripting for, whereas this requires go to be installed.
You could also use shell scripting or Python or another scripting language. While Python is not great at backward compatibility most scripts will have very few issues. Shell scripts are backward compatible as are many other scripting languages are very backward compatible (e.g. TCL) and they areG more likely to be preinstalled. If you are installing Go you could just install uv and use Python.
The article does say "I started this post out mostly trolling" which is part of it, but mostly the motivation would be that you have a strong preference for Go.
Expected a rant, got a life-pro-tip. Enough for a good happy new year.
That said, we can abuse the same trick for any languages that treats `//` as comment.
List of some practical(?) languages: C/C++, Java, JavaScript, Rust, Swift, Kotlin, ObjC, D, F#, GLSL/HLSL, Groovy
Personally, among those languages, GLSL sounds most interesting. A single-GLSL graphics demo is always inspiring. (Something like https://www.shadertoy.com/ )
Also, let’s not forget that we can do something similar using block comment(`/* … */`). An example in C:
For Swift there’s even a project[1] that allows running scripts that have external dependencies (posting the fork because the upstream is mostly dead).
I think it’s uv’s equivalent, but for Swift.
(Also Swift specifically supports an actual shebang for Swift scripts.)
While you are at it, might as well do this for C++ or assembly. You hate scripting so much and would rather go to great lengths to use a complied language and throw away all the benefits of a scripting language and scripting itself, just because you don't like the language, not because of technical merit. Congratulations, you just wasted yourself many hours of precious time.
> The price of convenience is difficulties to scale
Of course, they never scale. The moment you start thinking about scaling, you should stop writing code as throwaway scripts but build them properly. That's not an argument to completely get rid of Python or bash. The cost of converting Python code to Go is near zero these days if there is a need to do so. Enough has been said about premature optimization.
> Anyone who's ever tried to get python working on different systems knows what a steep annoying curve it is.
If you need 10 libraries of certain versions to run a few lines of Python code, nobody calls that a script anymore. It becomes a proper project that requires proper package management, just like Go.
There is a much larger gap in language ergonomics between python and C++ than between python and golang. Compile time and package management being some of the major downsides to C++.
"You'd rather drive a compact car than an SUV? Might as well drive a motorcycle then!"
I love it. I'm using Go to handle building full stack javascript apps, which actually works great since esbuild can be used directly inside a Go program. The issue is that it's a dependency, so I settled for having a go mod file and running it directly with Go. If somehow these dependencies could be resolved without an explicit module configured (say, it was inline in the go file itself) it would be perfect. Alas, it will probably never happen.
That being said...use Go for scripting. It's fantastic. If you don't need any third party libraries this approach seems really clean.
I make computers do things, but I never act like my stuff is the only stuff that makes things happen. There is a huge software stack of which my work is just the final pieces.
The problem with calling it “full stack” (even if it has a widely understood meaning) is that it implicitly puts the people doing the actual lower-level work on a pedestal. It creates the impression that if this is already “full stack,” then things like device drivers, operating systems, or foundational libraries must be some kind of arcane magic reserved only for experts, which they aren’t.
The term “full stack” works fine within its usual context, but when viewed more broadly, it becomes misleading and, in my opinion, problematic.
Or, alternatively, it ignores and devalues the existence of these parts. In both cases, it's a weird "othering" of software below a certain line in the, ahem, full stack.
And it's okay. It doesn't mean it should be this way for everyone else.
It is pretty common (and been so for at least two decades) for web devs to differentiate like so: backend, frontend or both. This "both" part almost always is replaced by "full stack".
When people say this they just mean they do both parts of a web app and have no ill will or neglect towards systems programmers or engineers working on a power plant.
> don't want to have virtual environments and learn what the difference between pip, poetry and uv is
Oh come on, it's easy:
Does the project have a setup.py? if so, first run several other commands before you can run it. python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate && pip install -e .
else does it have a requirements.txt? if so python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate && pip install -r requirements.txt
else does it have a pyproject.toml? if so poetry install and then prefix all commands with poetry run ...
else does it have a pipfile? pipenv install and then prefix all commands with pipenv run ...
else does it have an environment.yml? if so conda env create -f environment.yml and then look inside the file and conda activate <environment_name>
else does it have a uv.ock? then uv sync (or uv pip install -e .) and then prefix commands with uv run.
You don't even need to end the file in `.go` or the like when using shebangs, and any self-respecting editor will be good at parsing out shebangs to identify file types (... well, Emacs seems to do it well enough for me)
no need to name your program foo.go when you could just name it foo
> Sidetrack: I actually looked up what the point of arg0 even is since I failed to find any usecases some months back and found this answer.
I think arg0 was always useful especially when developing multifunctional apps like busybox that changes its behavior depending on the name it was executed as.
Tcc even supports that with `#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run`, although I don't understand people who use c or go for "scripting", when python, ruby, TCL or perl have much superior ergonomics.
This was a relatively old project that used a C program as build system / meta generator. All you needed was a working C compiler (and your shell to execute the first line). From there, it built and ran a program that generated various tables and some source code, followed by compiling the actual program. The final program used a runtime reflection system, which was set up by the generated tables and code from the first stage.
The main reason was to do all this without any dependencies beyond a C compiler and some POSIX standard library.
You can use https://github.com/erning/gorun as a Go script runner. It lets you embed `go.mod` and `go.sum` and have dependencies in Go scripts. This is more verbose than Python's inline script metadata and requires manual management of checksums. gorun caches built binaries, so scripts start quickly after the first time.
So the entire reason why this is not a "real" shebang and instead takes the roundtrip through the shell is because the Go runtime would trip over the # character?
I think this points to some shortcomings of the shebang mechanism itself: That it expects the shebang line to be present and adhering a specific structure - but then passes the entire file with the line to the interpreter where the interpreter has to process (and hopefully ignore) the line again.
I know that situations where one piece of text is parsed by multiple different systems are intellectually interesting and give lots of opportunities for cleverness - but I think the straightforward solution would be to avoid such situations.
So maybe the linux devs should consider adding a new form for the shebang where the first line is just stripped before passing the file contents to the interpreter.
Tangent but... I kinda like the Python language. What I don't like about Python is the way environments are managed.
This is something I generally believe, but I think it's particularly important for things like languages and runtimes: the idea of installing things "on" the OS or the system needs to die.
Per-workspace or per-package environment the way Go, Rust, etc. does it is correct. Installing packages globally is wrong.
There should not be such a thing as "globally." Ideally the global OS should be immutable or nearly so, with the only exception being maybe hardware driver stuff.
(Yes I know there's stuff like conda, but that's yet another thing to fix a fundamentally broken paradigm.)
Using `uv` with python is significantly safer and better. At least you get null safety. Sure, you can't run at the speed of light, but at least you can have some decent non-halfarsed-retrofitted type checking in your script.
(this is a joke btw)
If you've never used Clojure and start a Clojure project, you will almost definitely find advice telling you to use Leiningen.
For Python, if you search online you might find someone saying to use uv, but also potentially venv, poetry or hatch. I definitely think uv is taking over, but its not yet ubiquitous.
Ironically, I actually had a similar thing installing Go the other day. I'd never used Go before, and installed it using apt only to find that version was too old and I'd done it wrong.
Although in that case, it was a much quicker resolution than I think anyone fighting with virtual environments would have.
Over the years, I've used setup.py, pip, pipenv (which kept crashing though it was an official recommendation), manual venv+pip (or virtualenv? I vaguely remember there were 2 similar tools and none was part of a minimal Python install). Does uv work in all of these cases? The uv doc pointed out by the GP is vague about legacy projects, though I've just skimmed through the long page.
IIRC, Python tools didn't share their data across projects, so they could build the same heavy dependencies multiple times. I've also seen projects with incomplete dependencies (installed through Conda, IIRC) which were a major pain to get working. For many years, the only simple and sane way to run some Python code was in a Docker image, which has its own drawbacks.
Yes. The goal of uv is to defuck the python ecosystem and they're doing a very good job at it so far.
I only work a little bit with python.
One of the neatest features of uv is that it uses clever symlinking tricks so if you have a dozen different Python environments all with the same dependency there's only one copy of that dependency on disk.
Before uv came along I was starting to write stuff in Go that I’d normally write in Python.
First off, in my mind the kinds of things that are "scripts" don't have dependencies outside the standard library, or if they do are highly specific to my own needs on my own system. (It's also notable that one of the advantages the author cites for Go in this niche is a standard library that avoids the need for dependencies in quick scripts! Is this not one of Python's major selling points since day 1?)
Second, even if you have dependencies you don't have to learn differences between these tools. You can pick one and use it.
Third, virtual environments are literally just a place on disk for those dependencies to be installed, that contains a config file and some stubs that are automatically set up by a one-liner provided by the standard library. You don't need to go into them and inspect anything if you don't want to. You don't need to use the activation script; you can just specify the venv's executable instead if you prefer. None of it is conceptually difficult.
Fourth, sharing an environment for these quick scripts actually just works fine an awful lot of the time. I got away with it for years before proper organization became second nature, and I would usually still be fine with it (except that having an isolated environment for the current project is the easiest way to be sure that I've correctly listed its dependencies). In my experience it's just not a thing for your quick throwaway scripts to be dependent on incompatible Numpy versions or whatever.
... And really, to avoid ever having to think about the dependencies you provide dynamically, you're going to switch to a compiled language? If it were such a good idea, nobody would have thought of making languages like Python in the first place.
And uh...
> As long as the receiving end has the latest version of go, the script will run on any OS for tens of years in the future. Anyone who's ever tried to get python working on different systems knows what a steep annoying curve it is.
The pseudo-shebang trick here isn't going to work on Windows any more than a conventional one is. And no, when I switched from Windows to Linux, getting my Python stuff to work was not a "steep annoying curve" at all. It came more or less automatically with acclimating to Linux in general.
(I guess referring to ".pyproject" instead of the actually-meaningful `pyproject.toml` is just part of the trolling.)
This is more of a pip issue than uv though, and `uv pip` is still preferable in my mind, but seems Python package management will forever be a mess, not even the bandaid uv can fix things like these.
However... scripting requires (in my experience), a different ergonomic to shippable software. I can't quite put my finger on it, but bash feels very scriptable, go feels very shippable, python is somewhere in the middle, ruby is closer to bash, rust is up near go on the shippable end.
Good scripting is a mixture of OS-level constructs available to me in the syntax I'm in (bash obviously is just using OS commands with syntactic sugar to create conditional, loops and variables), and the kinds of problems where I don't feel I need a whole lot of tooling: LSPs, test coverage, whatever. It's languages that encourage quick, dirty, throwaway code that allows me to get that one-off job done the guy in sales needs on a Thursday so we can close the month out.
Go doesn't feel like that. If I'm building something in Go I want to bring tests along for the ride, I want to build a proper build pipeline somewhere, I want a release process.
I don't think I've thought about language ergonomics in this sense quite like this before, I'm curious what others think.
It's really a huge pain point in python. Pure python dependencies are amazingly easy to use, but there's a lot of packages that depend on either c extensions that need to be built or have OS dependencies. It's gotten better with wheels and manylinux builds, but you can still shoot your foot off pretty easily.
More specifically, for the readability of code written by an LLM.
No, bash is technically not "more" OS than e.g. Python. It just happens that bash is (often) the default shell in the terminal emulator.
In python, doing math or complex string or collection operations is usually a simple oneliner, but calling shell commands or other OS processes requires fiddling with the subprocess module, writing ad-hoc streaming loops, etc - don't even start with piping several commands together.
Bash is the opposite: As long as your task can be structured as a series of shell commands, it absolutely shines - but as soon as you require custom data manipulation in any form, you'll run into awkward edge cases and arbitrary restrictions - even for things that are absolutely basic in other languages.
it's not as portable
You could also use shell scripting or Python or another scripting language. While Python is not great at backward compatibility most scripts will have very few issues. Shell scripts are backward compatible as are many other scripting languages are very backward compatible (e.g. TCL) and they areG more likely to be preinstalled. If you are installing Go you could just install uv and use Python.
The article does say "I started this post out mostly trolling" which is part of it, but mostly the motivation would be that you have a strong preference for Go.
When you know well the language, you dont need to search for this info for basic types, because you remember them.
But that's also true for typed languages.
That said, we can abuse the same trick for any languages that treats `//` as comment.
List of some practical(?) languages: C/C++, Java, JavaScript, Rust, Swift, Kotlin, ObjC, D, F#, GLSL/HLSL, Groovy
Personally, among those languages, GLSL sounds most interesting. A single-GLSL graphics demo is always inspiring. (Something like https://www.shadertoy.com/ )
Also, let’s not forget that we can do something similar using block comment(`/* … */`). An example in C:
/*/../usr/bin/env gcc "$0" "$@"; ./a.out; rm -vf a.out; exit; */
#include <stdio.h>
int main() { printf("Hello World!\n"); return 0; }
I think it’s uv’s equivalent, but for Swift.
(Also Swift specifically supports an actual shebang for Swift scripts.)
[1] https://github.com/xcode-actions/swift-sh
> The price of convenience is difficulties to scale
Of course, they never scale. The moment you start thinking about scaling, you should stop writing code as throwaway scripts but build them properly. That's not an argument to completely get rid of Python or bash. The cost of converting Python code to Go is near zero these days if there is a need to do so. Enough has been said about premature optimization.
> Anyone who's ever tried to get python working on different systems knows what a steep annoying curve it is.
If you need 10 libraries of certain versions to run a few lines of Python code, nobody calls that a script anymore. It becomes a proper project that requires proper package management, just like Go.
"You'd rather drive a compact car than an SUV? Might as well drive a motorcycle then!"
That being said...use Go for scripting. It's fantastic. If you don't need any third party libraries this approach seems really clean.
I make computers do things, but I never act like my stuff is the only stuff that makes things happen. There is a huge software stack of which my work is just the final pieces.
The term “full stack” works fine within its usual context, but when viewed more broadly, it becomes misleading and, in my opinion, problematic.
And it's okay. It doesn't mean it should be this way for everyone else.
It is pretty common (and been so for at least two decades) for web devs to differentiate like so: backend, frontend or both. This "both" part almost always is replaced by "full stack".
When people say this they just mean they do both parts of a web app and have no ill will or neglect towards systems programmers or engineers working on a power plant.
But it is already established in the industry, and fighting it is unlikely to yield any positive outcomes.
Oh come on, it's easy:
Does the project have a setup.py? if so, first run several other commands before you can run it. python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate && pip install -e .
else does it have a requirements.txt? if so python -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate && pip install -r requirements.txt
else does it have a pyproject.toml? if so poetry install and then prefix all commands with poetry run ...
else does it have a pipfile? pipenv install and then prefix all commands with pipenv run ...
else does it have an environment.yml? if so conda env create -f environment.yml and then look inside the file and conda activate <environment_name>
else does it have a uv.ock? then uv sync (or uv pip install -e .) and then prefix commands with uv run.
[1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals...
I think Java can run uncompiled text scripts now too
no need to name your program foo.go when you could just name it foo
I think arg0 was always useful especially when developing multifunctional apps like busybox that changes its behavior depending on the name it was executed as.
Something like //usr/bin/gcc -o main "$0"; ./main "$@"; exit
The main reason was to do all this without any dependencies beyond a C compiler and some POSIX standard library.
augroup fix autocmd! autocmd BufWritePost *.go \ if getline(1) =~# '^// usr/bin/' \ | call setline(1, substitute(getline(1), '^// ', '//', '')) \ | silent! write \ | endif augroup END
Example:
The shebang line can be replaced for compatibility with standard Go tooling:I think this points to some shortcomings of the shebang mechanism itself: That it expects the shebang line to be present and adhering a specific structure - but then passes the entire file with the line to the interpreter where the interpreter has to process (and hopefully ignore) the line again.
I know that situations where one piece of text is parsed by multiple different systems are intellectually interesting and give lots of opportunities for cleverness - but I think the straightforward solution would be to avoid such situations.
So maybe the linux devs should consider adding a new form for the shebang where the first line is just stripped before passing the file contents to the interpreter.
> How true this is, is a topic I dare not enter.
Or the venerable https://babashka.org/
I feel like this is the unofficial Go motto, and it almost always ends up being a terrible idea.
This is something I generally believe, but I think it's particularly important for things like languages and runtimes: the idea of installing things "on" the OS or the system needs to die.
Per-workspace or per-package environment the way Go, Rust, etc. does it is correct. Installing packages globally is wrong.
There should not be such a thing as "globally." Ideally the global OS should be immutable or nearly so, with the only exception being maybe hardware driver stuff.
(Yes I know there's stuff like conda, but that's yet another thing to fix a fundamentally broken paradigm.)